Begum Surname Meaning and Family History

Begum is a Muslim honorific title for, or means of addressing, a respectable lady. It did not originally develop as a surname, but over time has been adopted as a last name by many unmarried women, especially in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Begum is quickly becoming a fairly common surname in America and England. A frequency map created by James Cheshire in 2012 puts Begum as the most popular surname in Londons  Tower Hamlets and south Camden neighborhoods. Surname Origin:  Muslim Alternate Surname Spellings:  BAIGUM, BEGAM Famous People With the Begum Last Name Hamida Banu Begum - Wife of the  second Mughal Emperor, Humayun, and mother of Mughal Emperor, Akbar.Mehnaz Begum - Pakistani singerFatma Begum -  Indias first female film directorAmeena Begum - Wife of Sufi master, Inayat Khan Where Is the Begum Surname Most Common? The last name Begum  is the 191st most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears. It is most prevalent in India, where it ranks as the 37th most common last name, followed by Bangladesh (50th) and Fiji (92nd). Within India, the name is most prevalent in  Telangana, where it is the most common surname, followed by  Jammu and Kashmir, Pondicherry, Assam, and Delhi. WorldNames PublicProfiler  does not include surname data from India, but within Europe Begum is found most frequently in West Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, South East, North East and East Midlands, England. The name is also fairly common in Oslo, Norway. Genealogy Resources for the Surname BEGUM Begum Family Crest — Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Begum family crest or coat of arms for the Begum surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch — BEGUM GenealogyExplore over 340,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Begum surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet — Begum RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Begum surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Begum Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Begum surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Begum SurnameExplore over 260,000  digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Begum surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. References: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Industrialization Essay

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal condition currently affecting a total of about 28 million people worldwide (cite). Although it is not considered a fatal condition, painful and disabling symptoms can have a profound detrimental effect on patients’ quality of life. Current understandings behind the etiology of IBD emphasize genetic predispositions to gastrointestinal immune system imbalances. However, pathophysiological understandings of IBD seem to be limited as explanatory tools given the distribution of IBD cases in industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview of the biological aspect of IBD alongside significant environmental drivers of the†¦show more content†¦Yet, IBD is much less prevalent in the Jewish population of Israel, which depicts how IBD manifests for reasons beyond genetics. Accordingly, it is important to remember that both genes and lifestyle are inherited from our parents. In general, an infection, which provokes an inflammatory state in people with and without IBD, may cause every individual to have temporary GI inflammation and stir up symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Following the acute infection, most individuals reset their immune system and return to the previous state of controlled, low level inflammation. Individuals with various genetic abnormalities for IBD however, demonstrate an overly aggressive T-cell response wherein the immune system fails to reset itself and the colon does not return to its previous healthy state. Instead, there is a chronic inflammatory state, with a persistent imbalance between the factors that increase the body’s immune response and those that limit it. The onset and reactivation of disease are triggered by environmental factors that transiently break the mucosal barrier, stimulate immune responses or alter the balance between beneficial and pathogenic enteric bacteria. Both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients have high levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes in their mucosa. CD4+Show MoreRelatedInflammation and Infection Caused by Diverticulitis Essay554 Words   |  3 Pagespatients will require surgery to remove the effective section of bowel. (Fox Stollman, 2010) Patients with diverticulitis can learn to care for themselves and decrease their chance of a re-occurring bout of diverticulitis by practicing healthy bowel habits by eating at regular intervals, eating high fiber foods, drinking plenty of fluids, not straining while having a bowel movement, and not relying on a laxative to have a bowel movement.(webmd.com) Diverticulitis is responsible for over 300Read MoreNotes On Wild Fruits 1311 Words   |  6 Pageshighly for their therapeutic uses which treated some diseases. The berries were used for the calming effect on the liver, spleen and blood and even the irritating stomach. Simultaneously the berries soothed the fainting spirits and were effective to cure inflammations but advised not to use during fevers since it might cause acidity in the stomach and give rise to hysterics. The strawberries were also prescribed to the patients to promote bowel movement. (Densmore 2005) The leaves ofRead MorePlant Pudina4642 Words   |  19 Pagesthe plant is collected and dried in shade, before use. The plant is used as an house hold remedy since many centuries. It is seldom used externally. Internally, the juice of the leaves with cardamom, cloves and cinnamon is used in infants for the bowel complaints and loss of appetite. The plant is also used against chronic malaria. In children, it is used in abdominal pain, diarrhea and dyspepsia, associated with fever. The combination of kalamegha, nadihingu, vaca, hingu (Asofoetida) and trikatu

Marketing Communication Implications Marketing Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Communication for Implications Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Kogan is one of the most popular homegrown retailers prevailing a recognizable place in the realm of retail industry. Headquartered in Australia, this particular organization has started its journey in the year 2006 under the direction of Ruslan Kogan. At the initial stage, Kogan was only concerned about selling television. Their marketing strategy and policy was very much successful to draw the attention of customers within short period. Having achieved a positive response, the marketing executives decided to expand their entire business process all over Australia. At the end to 2014, Kogan was very much successful to launch 14 more retail categories in order to enhance their target market. In addition, Kogan food items have already created a craze in the current market industry. The food items that have generated a market demand in Australia include nutella and pringles, razors, toothpaste and other confectionery items (kogan.com.au 2016). As per the current strategy of Integrated Marketing Communication Plan IMC managers aim to reach the doorstep of those customers who prevail beyond their own geographical boundary. Kogan tends to maintain e-commerce business process within the organization. In order to draw the attention of people from different geographical boundaries, the IMC managers should implement more business strategies and policies within the business process so that people apart from Australia can show their interest for purchasing the products and services of the organization (Berthon et al. 2012). Before expanding the entire business process in various countries the IMC managers have decided to look into two primary factors. Firstly, Kogan have to be more flexible in their service process. Customers should never wait for a long time in order to get a service from this organization. Secondly, the marketing executives have to become more active and responsive for promoting the products of Kogan. Delivering quality product to the customers would never be able to render the success of business. Marketing executives should communicate with the customers effectively so that the customers can differentiate Kogan with other organizations from the same industry (Cornelissen 2014). However, behind choosing retail sector as the source of revenue, the primary purposes of Kogan are as follows: To reach the target customer more effectively To occupy a place in the global market as well To enhance the target customers Brief analysis of the market segmentation Kogan has decided to segment their target audience based on the three primary perspectives that include geographic, demographic and psychographic. Geographic: Based on the market size, development of market and climate the customers have been segregated from various geographical areas (Dai et al. 2012). Kogan IMC managers have planned to target Sydney, Melbourne, Tasmania, Cairns, Perth, Brisbane within Australia as per the market size of these areas. People of these particular areas are able to afford the prices of Kogan products. Therefore, the IMC managers have decided to implement their communication strategy in those places for drawing the customers attention. As per the current communication strategy of Kogan, the organization aims to reach multinational countries for expanding their entire business process (Ferrante et al. 2014). At the first stage, Kogan IMC managers have decided to target two major countries US and UK to circulate their brands and services due to the wide range of market size and highly progressive culture. Demographic: Demographic market segmentation is constituted with age, level of income and gender. Kagon likes to maintain ecommerce business process with the help of which the marketing executives have targeted the people from different geographical boundary (Fouladgar and Simeone 2012). The people from 18 to 40 age group have primarily been selected as a target customer for this particular organization. People having medium level of income status are able to afford the products of Kogan. The IMC managers of Kogan have decided to maintain the product rate in such a way that both premium customers as well as the low cost customers can easily use the products and services. Kogan is currently dealing with the different categories of retail elements (Gray 2013). Therefore, both the male and the female customers have been selected as their target market. Psychographic: Psychographic market segmentation implies the culture, beliefs and values of different people. Kogan has designed their products in such a way that people from various culture and background can show their interest for purchasing these. Products should not be designed based on a specific culture and attitude (Jameson and Brownell 2012). As a result, the company has to depend on a limited target market. In addition, in order to reach the psychographic market of international field, the IMC managers have intended to plan for maintaining the product promotion in such a way that products can draw the attention of the customers. Objectives of communication: Before communicating the entire promotional activities, the IMC managers of Kogan have set several distinct objectives. The objectives are as follows: Rendering brand awareness: At the very beginning of journey, Kogan had to struggle immensely in order to create a recognizable position. From the year 2011, this particular company started to flourish their wings by expanding their food items more widely. Effective communication is one of the major tools of being familiar with different types of customers (Koskela 2013). Communication can be maintained both verbally or non-verbally. The service providers should be flexible of maintaining non-verbal communication with those people who are having linguistic barrier. Only quality service and product cannot be the effective pathways of getting success for a business organization. As per the instruction of IMC managers, the marketing executives have to communicate with the customers either directly or by utilizing the platform media. Gaining product reliability as well as overview of the company: In order to gain the reliability of products, the IMC managers have to provide an in-depth overview about the origin and the positive aspects of the brand. The ingredients that have been used at the time of manufacturing the product are clearly mentioned in this particular at the time of promotion (Li et al. 2015). In addition, the positive response of the customers who have already used this product should also be pointed out in order to gain the trust of people. The impression of a company is highly dependent of the service and product quality. If the customers are satisfied after using the product and services, they become one of the major tools of product promotion. A positive response from the customers helps to enhance the reputation as well as image of a specific company. Kogan is not exceptional to that. Raising the purchasing tendency of customers: Before purchasing a specific brand, the customers intend to get an in-depth overview about the reliability of that specific brand. Communication strategy has been considered as one of the most effective tools that would help to enhance the purchasing tendency of customers. Direct communication or in-direct communication both helps to draw the customers attention. With the help of direct communication, the service providers get the scope to interact directly with the customers (Macnamara and Zerfass 2012). The feedbacks that are collect from the customers are immediate. In case of in-direct communication, the service providers get the response being delayed. Kogan prefers to use direct communication for interacting with the customers directly. Chose one communication objectives from the above implementing the ethical issues Among three communication objectives that have already been discussed earlier, Kogan likes to stress on first objective especially within the entire process of business. This particular organization has dealt with the customers in such a way that customers can show their interest to purchase the products and services (Minas et al. 2012). However, brand awareness is the primary objective based on which Kogan wants to run their entire business process successfully in the market. In order to create a serious awareness on brands Kogan has to consider several factors. Celebrity endorsement is one of the major step or factor based on which the organizations can create the brand awareness. Celebrities create brand personalities. Whenever, one individual celebrity is seen to promote a particular product, the general people show their interest to purchase the product more effectively (Miritello et al. 2013). Therefore, most of the business organizations intend to create their brand awareness by using the popularity of celebrities. It creates an additional effect on the minds of target customers. In addition, in order to circulate the awareness of brand, organization can use the popularity of media as well. Kogan has raised their brand awareness by using some of the major tools of promotional activities (Quenot et al. 2012). Among the promotional tools, using the hoardings and banners, electronic media, digital media are most prominent. Kogan always likes to cast the popular celebrities for running their promotional activities. The persons who chosen f or the brand promotion of Kogan should have immense popularity and reputation in the realm of glamour industry. As a result, people from different geographical areas can easily recognize this individual person (Quirke 2012). Recently, Kogan is dreaming to expand their entire process of business to various multination countries in order to circulate their brands and products to the international market. Business expansion is one of the major ways for creating brand awareness on the target customers. Media plan: Media plan is constituted with several factors. Media plan can be conducted successfully by creating a specific media budget in order to make en effective promotion in various geographical areas. Media is the only effective tool based on which the products as well as services can be promoted effectively (Shirey 2012). Providing a quality product and services to the customers is not the only solution of rendering the success of an organization. In order to reach the product successfully to the doorstep of the customers, product promotion is highly important. Media in this case is the major component based on which the products have been promoted effectively. Kogan, as already stated is a renowned online retail shop occupying a recognizable place in Australia. Therefore, new media is the major pathways based on which the marketing executives like to promote the brands and products of this particular company. Australia is very much advanced in technology. Therefore, the inhabitants of Australia do not have to face major difficulties in order to deal with the new technology (Singhal and Rogers 2012). In the official website of Kogan, detailed overview has been provided about the aims and objective; mission and future vision of Kogan. However, new media has been chosen as the selected media tool for Kogan due to several reasons (Utz, Schultz and Glocka 2013). The reasons are as follows: Technological advancement: The technological advancement of Australia helps the inhabitants to be accustomed with the various functions of new technologies based on which they can use the service process of Kogan sitting at their drawing room. Dealing with the people of different geographical boundaries: Digital media helps to draw the attention of people from various geographical boundaries. In order to use the service and products, the customers would not have to visit the organization physically. They should know the online order procedures. Therefore, they can use the service of Kogan from various corners of different places. The online order procedure of Kogan is very easy. People having minimum literacy level are able to access the website of this particular organization (Utz, Schultz and Glocka 2013). In addition, transaction procedure of Kogan is also very effective. The supply chain managers are very much concerned about the demand and supply of the products. Maintaining a direct communication with the target customers: Kogan with the help of their public forum can communicate directly with the target audience. The service providers are available for twenty-four hours in order to resolve the queries of customers. In order to make any comment regarding the product or the services of this organization, the customers like to drop messages to the public forum. The service providers like to keep a touch on the feedbacks coming from the customers. Feedback includes both positive and negative. As per the feedback received from the customers, the business managers like to change their marketing and communication strategies and policies. Media budget: In order to promote the products of Kogan, the budget that the marketing executives of Kogan have calculated are as follows: Figure 1: Media Budget (Source: Singhal and Rogers 2012) IMC Plan evaluation: After conducting the entire integrated marketing communication plan, it can be evaluated that communication strategy is one of the most effective tools for drawing the customers attention. Communication strategy would be effective only when the organization gets a positive response from the customers. Kogan after making the IMC plan, have received immense positive feedback from the people of different geographical boundaries. In order to maintain an ecommerce retail shop, the people from 18 to 40 age group are the primary target customers. Kogan is not exceptional to that. Kogan being an online retail shop is able to draw the attention of different people from various places of Australia. After evaluating the entire IMC plan of Kogan, it can be concluded that IMC managers should provide more emphasis on promotional activities in order to draw customers attention. Apart from the media plan, the marketing managers should follow marketing mix strategy as well in order to place the brand properly. In addition, new media should be used as a tool of promotion more effectively so that customers can get an in-depth overview about the brand reliability of Kogan. The customer service system should be more effective and communicative for running the entire business successfully along with maintaining the reputation and organizational image. Reference List: Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Dai, Z., Liu, J., Wang, C. and Long, K., 2012. An adaptive cooperation communication strategy for enhanced opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radios.IEEE Communications Letters,16(1), pp.40-43. Ferrante, E., Turgut, A.E., Stranieri, A., Pinciroli, C., Birattari, M. and Dorigo, M., 2014. A self-adaptive communication strategy for flocking in stationary and non-stationary environments.Natural Computing,13(2), pp.225-245. Fouladgar, A.M. and Simeone, O., 2012. On the transfer of information and energy in multi-user systems.IEEE Communications Letters,16(11), pp.1733-1736. Gray, J.B., 2013. Message framing: A communication strategy for the medical encounter.Journal of Communication in Healthcare. Jameson Ph D, D. and Brownell Ph D, J., 2012. Telling your hotels green story: Developing an effective communication strategy to convey environmental values. Kogan.com.au, 2016. | Australia's Premier Shopping Destination.Kogan Australia. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from https://www.kogan.com/au Koskela, M., 2013. Same, same, but different: Intertextual and interdiscursive features of communication strategy texts.Discourse Communication,7(4), pp.389-407. Li, H., Liao, X., Chen, G., Hill, D.J., Dong, Z. and Huang, T., 2015. Event-triggered asynchronous intermittent communication strategy for synchronization in complex dynamical networks.Neural Networks,66, pp.1-10. Macnamara, J. and Zerfass, A., 2012. Social media communication in organizations: The challenges of balancing openness, strategy, and management.International Journal of Strategic Communication,6(4), pp.287-308. Minas, B., Laing, S., Jordan, H. and Mak, D.B., 2012. Improved awareness and appropriate use of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV prevention following a multi-modal communication strategy.BMC Public Health,12(1), p.1. Miritello, G., Moro, E., Lara, R., Martnez-Lpez, R., Belchamber, J., Roberts, S.G. and Dunbar, R.I., 2013. Time as a limited resource: Communication strategy in mobile phone networks.Social Networks,35(1), pp.89-95. Quenot, J.P., Rigaud, J.P., Prin, S., Barbar, S., Pavon, A., Hamet, M., Jacquiot, N., Blettery, B., Herv, C., Charles, P.E. and Moutel, G., 2012. Suffering among carers working in critical care can be reduced by an intensive communication strategy on end-of-life practices.Intensive care medicine,38(1), pp.55-61. Quirke, M.B., 2012.Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Shirey, M.R., 2012. Stakeholder analysis and mapping as targeted communication strategy.Journal of Nursing Administration,42(9), pp.399-403. Singhal, A. and Rogers, E., 2012.Entertainment-education: A communication strategy for social change. Routledge. Utz, S., Schultz, F. and Glocka, S., 2013. Crisis communication online: How medium, crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.Public Relations Review,39(1), pp.40-46.

The Glass Menagerie Essays (1241 words) - English-language Films

The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams won two Pulitzer Prizes for A Streetcar Named Desire and Cat on A Hot Tin Roof. Many others believe that The Glass Menagerie deserved one as well. The Glass Menagerie (memory play) won the New York Drama Critics' Circle's award as the best play of the season. Williams was born in Columbus, Mississippi, on March 26, 1911. His full name was Thomas Lanier Williams. He spent most of his youth in St. Louis, Missouri. During the Depression Williams worked as a factory hand. After attending the University of Missouri and Washington University he graduated from the University of Iowa in 1938. Writing under his nickname, Tennessee, he began his career auspiciously with a group theater award for four one act plays later published under the title American Blues. The action in The Glass Menagerie takes place in the 30's in St. Louis Missouri in an apartment facing an alley. The set consisted of 3 bedrooms, one room for each person, (Tom, Laura, and Amanda) a kitchen, a dinning room, and a living room, each room would be filled with old antique furniture. The color of the furniture; dark colors like gray, brown, and even black. Curtains hung over the windows, and the lighting was very dim, and a picture of their father hanging on the wall. Antagonist Amanda Wingfield (the mother) A little old woman confused vitality clinging frantically to another time and place. She is not paranoiac but her life was paranoia. She may be cruel at times but there is tenderness in her personality. She was kind and some kind of a hero. Protagonists Tom Wingfield (Amanda's son) He is the narrator of the play. He was a poet with a warehouse job. His nature is notremorseless, but to escape from a trap he has to act without pity. Tom is very rebellious, outspoken, and independent. Neutrals Jim O'Connor (the gentleman caller) He is a nice, ordinary, young man. Jim is very outgoing, friendly, happy, and talkative. Laura Wingfield (Amanda's daughter) A childhood illness has left her crippled, one leg slightly shorter than the other, and held in a brace. She was like a piece of her own glass collection, too exquisitely fragile to move from the shelf. Laura is very shy, quiet, withdrawn, and lonely. In Toms opening monologue he describes each character Amanda, Laura, himself, and Jim. There is a fifth character in the play who doesn't appear except over the manel, who was they're father, he was a telephone operator who fell in love with long distances, he left them and never came back. Amanda, Laura, and Tom were eating dinner, without any conversion, until Amanda started bugging Tom about how to eat. They got into this huge argument and Tom left to the movies. Deception is the initial incident. Amanda has found out that Laura has dropped out of her Rubicans Business College. Amanda had no idea that Laura has been telling her every day for 6 months that she has been going to her business college. Instead had been going out walking in the park, to the museums, and to the zoo. Amanda as furiously talking to Laura and asks her why? Laura said that she didn't want to go back. Amanda said to her Well when girls aren't cut out for working they end up marring. Amanda asked Laura if she has ever liked a boy. Yes, his name was Jim O'Connor. He used to call me blue roses! But he was going out with a girl named Emily Meisenbach, and it says in the personal section they're engaged, that was six years ago, they must be married by now, Laura told her mother. Later, Tom and his mom are at each other's throats. Amanda has been bothering Tom ever since she had confiscated his library books. Amanda doesn't give Tom the space and the freedom he needs. She always has to make such a little thing into some huge thing. Tom had called his mother an old babbling witch. Tom comes up the stairs drunk as can be, loudly looking for his key. Laura comes out hearing all the noise asking Tom where he has been all this time. Tom replied that he had been at the movies. Toms tell Laura